Squirrels in Montana: Where to Look and What Signs to Watch For

1. Are squirrels native to Montana?

Yes, squirrels are native to Montana and have lived here for thousands of years. The red squirrel, fox squirrel, and ground squirrels are all established species with populations spread across the state's diverse ecosystems. Introduced species like eastern gray squirrels are rare in Montana, though a few isolated populations exist in urban areas like Missoula.

2. Where are squirrels most likely found in Montana?

Squirrels in Montana are most often seen in forested areas, especially ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. Red squirrels prefer dense conifer stands, particularly in the northern Rockies and western valleys. Fox squirrels favor riparian areas with cottonwoods and oak, making them common along the Yellowstone River and lower elevation streams. Ground squirrels like the Richardson's species are common in shortgrass prairies and agricultural edges from the Missouri River eastward to the plains.

See ourstate wildlife pagefor the next step.

3. What time of day and season is best for spotting squirrels?

Squirrels are diurnal, so early morning and late afternoon are prime times for activity. In summer, they are most visible from dawn until mid-morning and again in the evening as they avoid midday heat. During fall, they become more active gathering and storing food, making September through November excellent for observation. Winter is tougher for viewing, though red and fox squirrels remain active year-round. Spring brings renewed activity in March through May as squirrels emerge from their food caches and raise young.

See ourSquirrels guidefor the next step.

4. What field signs can a beginner use to find squirrels?

Look for chewed pine cones, stripped bark on tree trunks, and small piles of cone scales on logs or stumps. Listen for chattering calls and rustling in leaf litter. Tracks are small with four toes on front feet and five on hind; you often see them in mud or snow near tree bases. Squirrel middens, which are collections of pine cone debris under trees, are a sure sign of red squirrel activity. Ground squirrel burrow systems with entrance holes about one inch wide are another reliable indicator.

See ourstate animal guidefor the next step.

5. What types of squirrels live in Montana?

The state hosts several species. The red squirrel is the most common forest dweller, found across coniferous regions and recognized by its small size and reddish-gray fur. The fox squirrel is larger and favors urban parks and river bottoms, rare but present in scattered locations. The Richardson's ground squirrel (often called a gopher) lives in open grasslands and is abundant in eastern Montana. The least chipmunk and Columbian ground squirrel are also present. The yellow-bellied marmot, sometimes mistaken for a ground squirrel, inhabits alpine areas above 8,000 feet.

6. How can I attract squirrels to my yard for viewing?

Provide a consistent source of black oil sunflower seeds or unsalted peanuts in a tray feeder. Squirrels also appreciate a source of water, especially during dry summer months. Place feeders near trees or shrubs where they can retreat. Be patient, as it may take a few weeks for them to trust a new food source. Avoid feeding ground squirrels on agricultural land, as it can encourage overgrazing of native plants.

7. Are squirrels active in winter?

Red and fox squirrels remain active year-round, though they are less visible during deep cold snaps and heavy snow. They rely on cached food stores hidden in fall and may den in tree cavities or leaf nests called dreys. Ground squirrels hibernate from late fall to early spring, so look for them only in warmer months. In mild winters, some Richardson's ground squirrels may emerge during warm days.

8. How do I tell a red squirrel from a fox squirrel?

Red squirrels are smaller, about 12 inches including tail, with reddish-gray fur and a white belly. They have distinctive ear tufts that are especially visible in winter. Fox squirrels are larger, up to 20 inches, with a mix of orange, gray, and brown. Fox squirrels often have a bushy tail with orange edges, while red squirrel tails are more uniform in color. Fox squirrels also have a more robust body and larger head.

9. What do squirrels eat in Montana?

Red squirrels primarily eat seeds from conifer cones, stripping them layer by layer and leaving distinctive cone remnants beneath trees. They also consume mushrooms, berries, and the occasional bird egg. Fox squirrels eat acorns, hickory nuts, pecans, and seeds from a wider range of trees. Ground squirrels feed on seeds, bulbs, grasses, and insects. All three types cache food in fall to survive winter months, and some of their buried seeds germinate to become new trees.

10. Are there any laws protecting squirrels in Montana?

Yes, squirrels are protected under Montana wildlife law. You cannot trap or hunt red squirrels or fox squirrels without special permits. Richardson's ground squirrels can be controlled on agricultural land if they cause damage. It is illegal to keep a wild squirrel as a pet without a rehabilitator's license. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks sets seasons and rules for any legal removal.

11. Where can I find squirrel-focused gear for my trips?

Once you've spent time spotting squirrels, you might want to show off your interest. Check out our selection of squirrel-themed shirts at Easy Street Markets.

Wild Wings Wildlife T-Shirt Gray Squirrel Unisex Graphic Tee For Men & Women

A quality 100% cotton tee featuring a detailed gray squirrel graphic, perfect for casual wear or field outings.Check Price and Availability

Squirrel Lover Vintage T-Shirt

A retro-inspired design for anyone who appreciates these bushy-tailed rodents.Check Price and Availability

Squirrel Shirt. Squirrel Gift. Squirrel Clothing. Funny Squirrel Shirt.

A humor-focused shirt that makes a great conversation starter on the trail.Check Price and Availability

Browse more options at ourwildlife t-shirt collection.

12. Frequently asked questions about squirrels in Montana?

**Can I keep a squirrel as a pet in Montana?** No, it is illegal to take squirrels from the wild without a permit. They are best observed in their natural habitat.

**Do squirrels damage trees?** They can strip bark, but healthy trees usually recover. Providing alternative food sources can reduce damage.

**What should I do if I find a baby squirrel?** Leave it alone unless it is clearly injured. The mother will likely return. Contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator if needed.

**What is the difference between a marmot and a ground squirrel?** Marmots are much larger, up to 30 pounds, while ground squirrels weigh just a few pounds. Marmots have distinctive warning whistles and live in alpine terrain.

See ourtour planning ideasfor the next step.