Squirrels in Virginia: where to look and what signs to watch for

1. Where are squirrels most likely in Virginia?

Squirrels thrive in Virginia's diverse habitats. The eastern gray squirrel is found in every county, favoring mixed hardwood forests with oak, hickory, and beech trees. Fox squirrels prefer open woodlands and forest edges, especially in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The southern flying squirrel is nocturnal and lives in mature forests with dead snags for nesting. Suburban yards and city parks also host useful populations, particularly where bird feeders are present.

See our state wildlife page for the next step.

2. When is the best time of day or season to see squirrels?

Squirrels are most active during early morning and late afternoon, especially in the first few hours after sunrise. In Virginia, peak activity occurs in fall (September through November) when they gather acorns and hickory nuts for winter. Spring (March to May) is also good as they forage for new growth and build leafy nests. During midday heat in summer, squirrels often rest in tree canopies. Winter activity is reduced but still visible on mild days.

3. What tracks, signs, or clues can help identify squirrel activity?

Look for bounding tracks in soft soil or snow: four small toes on front feet and five on the hind feet, with distinctive stride patterns. Chewed acorn caps scattered under oaks are a clear sign. You might also find stripped pinecone scales or bark damage on young trees. Leaf nests (dreys) high in tree forks are visible after leaves fall. Listen for sharp barks and scolding calls when you approach.

See our state animal guide for the next step.

4. How to distinguish eastern gray squirrels from fox squirrels?

Eastern gray squirrels are smaller (14-21 inches, tail included) with a silvery gray back and white belly. Fox squirrels are larger (22-27 inches) and have a rusty orange belly and sometimes mixed gray-brown fur. In Virginia, fox squirrels are more common in the southeastern coastal plain, while grays dominate everywhere else. Flying squirrels are much smaller (8-10 inches) with a gliding membrane that stretches when they leap.

5. What common squirrel behaviors should you watch for?

Squirrels spend much of their day foraging on the ground, then quickly climbing trees when startled. In fall, watch them bury nuts in scattered caches. Mating chases are frantic in late winter and early summer. You may see them sprawled flat on branches on hot days (splooting) to cool off. Young squirrels leave the nest in late spring and often appear clumsy as they learn to jump and climb.