Squirrels in Illinois: Where to Look and What Signs to Watch For

Where are squirrels most likely found in Illinois?

Squirrels are widespread across Illinois. Your best odds are in areas with large oak, hickory, and maple trees. State parks like Starved Rock, forest preserves in Cook County, and suburban backyards all host healthy populations. Start near a reliable food source, like bird feeders or oak groves.

See our state wildlife page for the next step.

What time of day is best for squirrel spotting?

Squirrels are most active in the early morning and late afternoon, especially on calm, sunny days. On rainy or very windy days they tend to stay hidden. In summer, they often nap through midday heat. Plan your outings for the first few hours after sunrise or before sunset.

See our Squirrels guide for the next step.

What tracks and signs should beginners look for?

Squirrel tracks show four long toes and a small palm pad on the front foot, with a bounding gait pattern. Look for chewed nutshells underneath trees, especially hickory nuts and black walnuts. Gnawed bark on tree limbs and leaf nests called dreys high in branch forks are also classic signs. Check along fence lines and log piles for droppings the size of small beans.

See our state animal guide for the next step.

Which squirrel species are common in Illinois?

Two species dominate: the eastern gray squirrel (gray back, white belly) and the fox squirrel (rusty orange, larger and heavier). The southern flying squirrel is present but nocturnal and rarely seen. Gray squirrels prefer dense woods, while fox squirrels thrive in open woodlots and park edges. Learn their distinct calls: a sharp "kuk" for gray, a slower "chrrr" for fox.

How do squirrels behave in different seasons?

In spring and fall, squirrels are most visible gathering food. Fall is the peak season for seeing them scurry and bury acorns. In winter they stay active but reduce movement during extreme cold. Mating chases occur in January and June, producing noisy, acrobatic pursuits through the trees.